Strength & Physical Performance Beyond Muscle Mass: Understanding Dynapenia for Athletes in Their 50s and Beyond
When physical strength declines with age, it is easy to assume that "muscle mass has decreased." But is that truly the w...
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Strength & Physical Performance 
Exercise Physiology Sufficient Hydration and Carbs, Yet the Legs Give Out: The Loss of Muscle’s “Ability to Relax” Under Heat Stress
Fueling and hydration were perfect... Electrolytes were properly dissolved in the bottle. Energy gels were consumed ever...
Exercise Physiology Why Does Caffeine “Work” in a Race? Exercise Physiology and Practical Strategies for Endurance Athletes
Late in a race, when legs grow heavy and maintaining momentum demands every ounce of focus, many athletes reach for a ca...
Body & Conditioning How to Create a Better Sleep Environment on Hot Summer Nights: A Practical Guide for Masters Athletes
Growing up in Japan, my memories of summer nights were simple. We would open the windows to catch whatever breeze existe...
Metabolism & Cellular Science [The Difference Between Poison and Medicine Lies in the “Dose”] What Is Hormesis? How Small Amounts of Stress Make the Body Stronger
Would you be surprised if you were told that among the things we daily believe to be "good for our health," there are ac...
Body & Conditioning Is Heat Training Really “Poor Man’s Altitude Training”? Similarities and Differences Explained
When marathoners, triathletes, and cyclists look to break through performance plateaus, altitude training almost always ...
Performance Winter Marathons vs. Long-Distance Triathlon Runs: Are They Really Different? A Scientific Look at Fatigue and Training
A standalone winter full marathon and the run leg of a long-distance triathlon both cover the exact same distance: 42.19...
Body & Conditioning Are Larger and Taller Athletes More Vulnerable to Heat?
Highlighting the Hidden Vulnerability of Powerful-Looking AthletesWhen you look at broad-framed, muscular athletes or ta...
Masters & Aging Facing Athletic Decline Beyond 40: Four Pillars for Protecting Bodily Function
Earlier on this blog, I published an article titled “Aging”? No, It's Just “Degeneration.” — Face Reality, Masters Athle...
Performance Breaking 20 Minutes in the 5000m: Why VO2max Alone Is Not Enough〜The Five Layers That Turn Aerobic Potential Into Speed
5000m sub20 capabilitiesKey Takeaways (Read this if you're in a hurry!)To break 20 minutes in the 5000m (4:00/km pace), ...